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| ROBOTIC
SURGERY
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On July 11, 2000, FDA approved the
first completely robotic surgery device, the DaVinci
surgical system. The FDA recognizes surgical robotics
as next-generation, advanced surgical instruments
combined with already proven (less-invasive) technology.
DaVinci™ Surgical System
Da Vinci™ is a computer-assisted
robotic system that expands a surgeon's capability
to operate within the human body in a less invasive
way.
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Robotic Surgery:
Many types of surgeries (robotic) are being performed
through the abdomen, chest, and pelvis areas.
How Does Robotic Surgery Work?
A surgeon, sitting at a
console that looks like a jet fighter's instrument panel,
peer into a video monitor that shows in three dimensions
what is going on at fingers are strapped into two controls,
one for each hand, and man and machine are connected.
If the surgeon aims fingers down, the robotic clamp tilts
down. If the surgeon moves his wrist up and down, The
robotic wrist moves up and down. Whole arm movements in
the controls move the arms of the robot. A signal goes
from the controls, through a computer as powerful as five
modern home computers, down a cable to the robotic arms,
which hover over the patient
Drawback to Robotic
Surgery
Robotics and Long-Distance
Telesurgery
Doctors of the
future
Robotic
Thoracic Surgery
Robotic
Prostate Surgery
Robotic
Cardiac Surgery
Benefits:
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Less Pain |
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better wound cosmesis |
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fewer wound complications |
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shorter hospital stays |
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shorter recovery time |
Nimble movements like two robotic hands tying off stitches
are all made by the surgeon. Surgeon moves left, the arm
moves left. A twist, a turn, all in real time. The video
monitor can be zoomed to magnify the view 10 times, and
the surgeon’s hand movements can be calibrated so
that large real movements translate to tiny robot movements.
Drawback to Robotic Surgery
Robotic surgery's one major
drawback is that the equipment doesn't supply surgeons
with tactile sensation. Feeling the difference between
normal tissue and tactile sensation. Also, the equipment
is very expensive ranging 950,000 to 1.3 million. Continuous
maintenance not included.
Robotics and Long-Distance Telesurgery
Bringing Robotics Technology To The
Next Level With Remote Telesurgery. Remote Telesurgery
is another capability that will be enabled by
robotics technology. Telesurgery is in the future–and
not so far away. Robotics is here to stay. However, it
will take time for these devices to revolutionize the
way surgery is done.
Because robotic instruments
and controls are linked electronically via cable or satellite
link, a surgeon can operate on patients located in remote
areas. In order to perform a remote surgery operation,
the system requires two functioning worksites: one for
the surgeon, and one for the robotic devices actually
operating on the patient. Remote surgery
is based on a master-slave robotics model, in which
a controller manipulates the robot from a distance by
using two joysticks that control the tracking of the robotic
devices. The worksite on the patient’s end contains
the robotic devices, which perform
the surgical procedures. Despite certain difficulties,
many experts believe remote surgery will be a reality
in a few years.
Doctors of the future
Doctors will be forced to consult computers for advice
before making any important decisions about treatment,
with the risk of being sued for mismanagement if they
don't. These diagnostic robots will
draw on global research to offer expert opinion, which
few doctors will dare to ignore. Medical
training will shift from what people know, to getting
accurate data on which robots can make decisions, and
providing "high-touch" emotional support. Skilled
surgeons will always be at a premium, together
with hands-on careers who will be increasingly community
based, with highly specialized
qualifications. Remote surgery will be a regular part
of every specialist center’s routine, whether tele-conferencing
advice to surgical teams, or actually controlling surgical
equipment remotely.
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